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About the difference between non-woven materials

1, feel visual method:

This method is applicable to nonwoven raw materials in a state of loose fibers.
(1) Cotton fiber is shorter and thinner than ramie fiber and other hemp process fibers and wool fibers, often with various impurities and defects.
(2) Hemp fiber feels rougher.
(3) The wool fiber is curly and elastic.
(4) Silk is filament, long and slender, with a special luster.
(5) Among the chemical fibers, only the viscose fiber has a large difference in strength between the dry and wet states.
(6), spandex has a very large elasticity, its length can be stretched more than five times at room temperature.

2. Microscopic observation method:

The non-woven fabric fibers are identified based on the longitudinal and cross-sectional characteristics of the fibers.
(1), cotton fiber: cross-sectional shape: waist round, with a middle waist; vertical shape: flat ribbon, with natural rotation.
(2), hemp (ramie, flax, jute) fiber: cross-sectional shape: waist round or polygonal, with a middle cavity; vertical surface shape: there are horizontal sections, vertical lines.
(3), wool fiber: cross-sectional shape: round or nearly round, some have a pulp; vertical form: the surface has scales.
(4), rabbit hair fiber: cross-sectional shape: dumbbell type, with pulp; vertical form: surface has scales.
(5), mulberry silk fiber: cross-sectional shape: irregular triangle; vertical surface shape: smooth and straight, longitudinal stripes.
(6), ordinary viscose: cross-sectional shape: zigzag, sheath core structure; vertical shape: longitudinal grooves.
(7), rich and strong fibers: cross-sectional shape: less tooth shape, or round, oval; vertical form: smooth surface.
(8), acetate fiber: cross-sectional morphology: trilobal or irregular zigzag; longitudinal morphology: the surface has vertical stripes.
(9) Acrylic fiber: cross-sectional shape: round, dumbbell-shaped or leaf-like; longitudinal shape: smooth or streaked surface.
(10), polyvinyl chloride fiber: cross-sectional shape: close to a circle; vertical form: smooth surface.
(11), spandex fiber: cross-sectional shape: irregular shape, round, potato-shaped; vertical surface shape: dark dark surface, unclear bone-shaped stripes.
(12), polyester, nylon, polypropylene fiber: cross-sectional shape: round or shaped; vertical form: smooth.
(13), vinylon fiber: cross-sectional shape: waist round, sheath core structure; vertical surface shape: 1~2 grooves.

3. Density gradient method:

The non-woven fabric fibers are identified based on the characteristics of various fibers having different densities.
(1), the density gradient solution is formulated, generally using a xylene carbon tetrachloride system.
(2), calibration density gradient tube, commonly used is the precision ball method.
(3), measurement and calculation, the fiber to be tested is deoiled, dried, defoamed and pretreated, and after the ball is put into balance, the fiber density is measured according to the fiber suspension position.

4. Fluorescence method:

The non-woven fabric fibers are irradiated with an ultraviolet fluorescent lamp, and the non-woven fabric fibers are distinguished according to the different properties of the non-woven fabric fibers, and the non-woven fibers have different fluorescent colors. The fluorescent color of various non-woven fabrics is specifically shown:

(1), cotton, wool fiber: light yellow
(2) Mercerized cotton fiber: light red
(3), jute (raw) fiber: purple brown
(4), jute, silk, nylon fiber: light blue
(5), viscose fiber: white purple shadow
(6), light viscose fiber: light yellow purple shadow
(7), polyester fiber: white light blue sky is very bright
(8), vinylon has light fiber: light yellow purple shadow.

5. Combustion method:

Depending on the chemical composition of the non-woven fabric fibers, the burning characteristics are also different, so that a large class of non-woven fabric fibers is roughly divided. The combustion characteristics of several common non-woven fabrics are determined as follows:

(1), cotton, hemp, viscose, copper ammonia fiber: close to the flame: no shrinking or melting; contact with the flame: rapid combustion; leaving the flame: continue to burn; smell: burning paper smell; residue characteristics: a small amount of gray or gray ash.
(2), silk, wool fiber: close to the flame: curl and melt; contact flame: curl, melt, burn; leave the flame: slow burning sometimes self-extinguishing; smell: smell of burning hair; residue characteristics: loose and brittle black particles Or coke-like.
(3), polyester fiber: close to the flame: melting; contact flame: melting, smoking, slow burning; leaving the flame: continue to burn, sometimes self-extinguishing; smell: special aromatic sweet; residue characteristics: hard black beads .
(4), nylon fiber: close to the flame: melting; contact flame: melting, smoking; leaving the flame: self-extinguishing; smell: amino flavor; residue characteristics: hard light brown transparent beads.
(5) Acrylic fiber: close to the flame: melting; contact with the flame: melting, smoking; leaving the flame: continue to burn, black smoke; smell: spicy taste; residue characteristics: black irregular beads, fragile.
(6), polypropylene fiber: close to the flame: melting; contact flame: melting, burning; leaving the flame: continue to burn; smell: paraffin flavor; residue characteristics: gray-white hard transparent beads.
(7), spandex fiber: close to the flame: melting; contact flame: melting, burning; leaving the flame: self-extinguishing; smell: specific taste; residue characteristics: white gelatinous.
(8), Chlorine fiber: close to the flame: melting; contact flame: melting, burning, black smoke; leaving the flame: self-extinguishing; smell: pungent smell; residue characteristics: dark brown lumps.
(9), vinylon fiber: close to the flame: melting; contact flame: melting, burning; leaving the flame: continue to burn, black smoke; smell: characteristic fragrance; residue characteristics: irregular focus brown lumps.